Teaching English In Japan: What You Need To Know About Recruiting Agencies

Right now, getting a job in Japan usually means dealing with a recruiting agency, so this article is an introduction to recruiting agencies: why they exist, and the two types. Before we start, this article won’t specifically praise, lambaste, compare, or even mention any of the many agencies. There are many places on the internet where you can read specific criticisms and praise, but the impossibility of unanimous opinion on any particular agency combined with a complete lack impartiality minimizes the benefits of doing so.

Why Are There So Many?

The desire to learn English hasn’t waned in Japan, despite the end of the bubble economy that first prompted the dream of a bi-lingual Japan. Private eikaiwa (English conversation) schools will always be in demand as a hobby for older Japanese and a door to opportunities abroad for the younger generation. Changes in the public education system have now combined with the solid private demand to increase the overall need for ESL teachers.

Elementary English

English became mandatory for 5th and 6th graders in elementary schools in 2011. This does more than simply add two years to the current English curriculum. Elementary school teachers, at the time of this writing, aren’t trained to teach English as a subject at any point during their post-secondary degree. This is supposed to change by 2011, but native English speakers will be used as the stopgap measure until the kinks are worked out of the training program. In truth, the demand will likely remain until all untrained teachers have retired from the education system – that is, 30 to 50 years from now.

Japanese Exchange and Teaching Progamme (JET)

The nationally run JET Programme is proving too expensive for many educational boards that are seeing their overall budgets slashed even as their need for a native English teacher grows. To meet this demand, private companies have stepped in to make it more affordable to bring English teachers to Japan. Although JET is the best ticket to Japan for most people, the chances of getting on the program are dropping as the number of nationwide positions decrease. If you can’t get into JET, it doesn’t mean you should give up on coming to Japan.

Private or Public

The opening of the public system to private placements isn’t new, but they used to be much rarer. Now, if you are looking for a job in Japan, you have the choice of working at an eikawa school or within the public school system. Agencies generally specialize in one type and choosing between the two is a personal process.

Public School

Generally speaking, if you like children and teaching, going into the public school system will provide more job satisfaction. Working in the public school usually requires a lot of time and effort in the form of lesson planning and prep, so be clear on your reasons for wanting to work in Japan before you sign on.

English Conversation Schools

Eikawa schools, on the other hand, generally have prepared lessons and firm guidelines. This can be a great relief if you are teaching for the first time, but restrictive if you want to go beyond the guidebook. An eikawa school generally takes up less of your off-hours energy because most of the planning is already done, leaving you free to explore Japan. Both types can be deeply satisfying and a great way to experience Japan.

Summing Up

The explosion in the number of private companies offering teaching positions in Japan has increased the chances of finding a job. It has also increased the competition between companies trying to bring teachers over. In Important Questions You Should Ask Recruiters we look at how to measure each company and what questions you should be asking before you sign the contract.

Understanding Sumo: Techniques

Sumo can resemble judo or the defensive line of an NFL games, depending on the match. In the course of a top-rank match the pendulum may swing between raw power and technical precision many times before one wins the day. In this article, we’ll look at sumo techniques. You can find an introduction to the sport of sumo here.

Pushing

The most common technique in sumo is pushing. There are more than seven listed techniques that, with small distinctions, all amount to pushing an opponent out of the ring or down to the clay. Pushing or push-out can be misleading terms, so the translators for the sumo federation usually use force-out instead. This is meant to capture the sense of impact as well as the follow-up thrusting that is required to drive a man weighing between 260 and 400 pounds seven feet backwards against his will. We’ll bend to convention and use force-out from here on.

The tachiai, the crouched position that wrestlers start from, is vital to a successful force-out. A wrestler must reach the point of maximum momentum a split second before striking his opponent. This is easier said than done, as the space that a wrestler has to work with is often less than a step. If a wrestler comes out of the tachiai too slowly, his opponent can usually win simply by halting his momentum and causing a misstep for an easy fall. If both wrestlers come out slowly, they generally end-up deadlocked in the center of the ring and have to go to the belt. If, however, the taichiai is executed just right, it will have the double effect of forcing an opponent up and back, while also creating space for the wrestler to come in low and either get a hold of the belt or simply continue thrusting and pushing.

Belt Techniques

Top level sumo is all about the belt. Top flight wrestlers have to be effective on the belt, both in getting a dominant hold and initiating the throw. As the belt is connected to another sumo wrestler, power plays as much as role in maintaining a grip as technique does in making a successful throw. Once a wrestler gets an inside grip or outside grip on a belt, he has many techniques to choose from. Using the belt to twist and upset his opponents balance, the wrestler can sweep out his opponents leg, force down his opponents head, try for a more dominant two-handed grip, and so on.

If a wrestler can’t get a hand on the belt, he can try to execute a beltless throw using the same techniques and counting on the opponents balance to give out first. This can be a double-edged sword as flesh is more slippery than a belt, and a miss leaves the wrestler facing the wrong way with his opponent behind him. The most effective beltless throws involve catching an opponent’s arm at the elbow and using the locked joint as a lever to move him. Because of the high risk of failure, most wrestlers use beltless throws as a last resort.

“Dirty” Tricks

Just like a boxer who follows his hooks with his forehead, there are techniques in sumo that, while legal, are frowned upon. The feinting techniques, either sidestepping or jumping after the tachiai in hopes that your opponent’s momentum will carry him out, are considered cheap. A feint is acceptable to halt a losing streak or gain majority wins, but, if a wrestler does it too often, his opponents will take their revenge the next time.

A Matter of Class

The variation of techniques increases as you move up through the ranks. In the lowest ranks and the amateur levels, a vast majority of wins come from force-outs and those wins generally go to the largest wrestler. The highest ranks are dominated by technicians and large men capable of playing both sides. You don’t need to understand all the techniques to enjoy watching sumo, but understanding just how much strategy goes into a bout that lasts less than a minute can help you appreciate on a deeper level.

Understanding Sumo: An Introduction to Sumo

With its religious origins, extreme training system, and deep connection to traditional Japanese culture, it is difficult to find a sport comparable to sumo. In an age when athletes are measuring their body fat to the decimal, sumo dares to be big. It would be a mistake, however, to underestimate the athleticism of sumo wrestlers. They collide with the same force as NFL linebackers while wearing little more than a silk loincloth. This article is an introduction to the world of professional sumo.

A Brief History

The history of sumo is long, reaching back over 1000 years. Sumo was originally part of the harvest rituals that can still be found in every part in Japan in the modern form of festivals. Wrestlers would fight to gain the favor of the gods and plead for a bountiful harvest. Ancient sumo probably resembled pre-Queensbury boxing, with very few rules and a great deal of brutality. This changed when sumo was integrated into the pomp and ceremony of the Imperial Court.

To meet the tastes of the Emperor and other nobles, formalized rules removed some of the more brutal practices like eye-gouging and high kicks. Open-handed strikes to the throat and face, arm-locks, head-butting were deemed civil enough and are still acceptable techniques today. As Japan’s population became more concentrated in cities, the demand for entertainment increased. A class of professional sumo wrestlers emerged to provide it. Newly formed governing bodies organized regular tournaments outside of the traditional imperial schedule, furthering sumo’s popularity and making it Japan’s national sport.

Ceremony

Modern sumo has kept many of the trappings from its religious past. The clay ring, called dohyo, is specially constructed beneath a hanging shrine, blessed, and then purified by each wrestler before they enter. Wrestlers toss a handful of salt into the ring each time they step over the bales. Similarly, both the opening and closing ceremonies on tournament days follow the traditional formula. The yokozuna performs the opening ritual (dohyo-iri) before the upper divisions begin their matches, and the bow dance (yumitori-shiki) brings a close to the day.

Rules

The rules have also survived from the Imperial Court with very little alteration. A wrestler can win in two ways: a) he forces his opponent out of the ring or b) his opponent touches the ground with any part of his body, excepting his feet of course. The most common techniques are the push-outs (yorikiri, tsukidashi, and other variations) and throws using the mawashi (silk belt) for leverage. A wrestler cannot strike with a closed fist, kick an opponent above the knees, grab on to the portion of the mawashi covering his opponents sensitive bits, or pull on an opponent’s top not.

Training

Most professional sumo wrestlers have been doing sumo since childhood. Generally they begin with a sumo club in elementary school and, if they rank highly in national tournaments, a training stable will pick them up after junior high school. From that point on, wrestlers live at their stables and train daily. The training regime is very harsh and, in 2007, a young wrestler died as the result of a disciplinary beating that are a part of many wrestler’s daily life. Some wrestlers have come to professional sumo through university sumo programs, but they seem to have a difficult time adjusting to the physical punishment that accrues over a 15-day tournament compared to the single day team matches that make up a university-level tournament. A growing number also come from abroad, with Mongolia being one of the most prominent exporters of sumo talent.

Tournaments

There are six tournaments a year: one in January, March, May, July, September, and November. All of the wrestlers are ranked and split into their divisions. The five highest ranks fight in the top makuuchi division. From highest to lowest, these are: yokozuna, ozeki, sekiwake, komusubi, and maegarishi. In the January 2008 tournament, there will be two yokozuna, four ozeki, two, sekiwake, two komusubi, and thirty-two maegarishi. The lower divisions are similarly organized.

During tournaments, the sumo wrestlers in the upper division have one match a day and, at the end of the tournament, the wrestler with the best record wins the Emperor’s Cup. Other awards are also given out to exceptional wrestlers. Wrestlers are promoted up the ranks when they turn in consistent majority wins. If a wrestler can win two tournaments in a row while ranked at ozeki, he may be promoted to the rank of yokozuna.

Conclusion

Sumo is unique among modern sports because it has carried its origins with it as it has grown. It also one of the few sports where a combatant can find himself pitted against an opponent twice his size. If you are interested in learning more about this sometimes brutal, but always fascinating sport, we will look at each aspect more in-depth in later articles.

Related: Sumo Techniques

Thriving In Rural Japan

The continuing push for elementary English courses is increasing the opportunities to teach in Japan. Many of the new jobs, especially the private placements, are in rural settings (inaka). In this post, we will look at how to get the most out of living in rural Japan.

Welcome to the Inaka

The language barrier will be your biggest problem for the first few months. As your Japanese improves, so will your ability to meet people and make friends. In the beginning, you’re limited to English speakers and people who are patient enough to mime entire sentence with you – you may be surprised at how many of both you’ll be able to find in your town. While you’re learning your survival Japanese, however, there are still some steps you can take to make your life improve immediately.

Get to Know Your Town

Once you’ve settled the practical side of things like finding the post office, it’s time to enjoy some sightseeing. Even the smallest town in Japan has something worth seeing. These can be historical sites, local museums, public parks, temples, shrines, or simply the natural beauty of the countryside. City halls, town halls, public libraries, and community centers often carry tourist-type information pamphlets about your area. These will likely be in Japanese, but you should be able to hunt down someone who is at least willing to draw you a map. You may even find someone who is willing to guide you through the sights once they see you’re interested.

Clubs

Clubs are very important key to Japanese society and are covered in more detail in a different article. Briefly, clubs will help you get to know people in your town, and those people will be able to answer most, if not all, questions you have about your new home. The range of clubs that exist in even a small village is staggering. Taking the above example of sightseeing in your town, many rural communities have walking/hiking clubs that meet regularly for nature walks. You’ll be able to find a club that meets at least one of your interests.

Local Festivals

Most towns in rural Japan have at least a fall festival to celebrate the harvest and a cherry blossom viewing festival, and many towns have several festivals a year. In cities and towns that have been made up of several smaller villages, it is not unusual for each part to keep its local festivals in addition to the amalgamated festivals. The town events calendar is useful for keeping up with this when you learn how to read it, but constantly asking co-workers and friends will help in the meantime. Festivals are a great way to meet your students and their families as well as other people in the community who wouldn’t know you otherwise. You may even find yourself dancing in the parade, dressed in a yukata and a straw hat.

Local Industry

Take every opportunity to learn about the local industry in your town. There is a large amount of specialization in Japanese agriculture and fisheries. Local specialties vary widely with towns specializing in dried squid, sticky rice, spicy miso, black garlic, woven baskets, sheep meat, basically anything you can imagine. Although not many people hope to be placed in a town known for dried squid, actually going out on the midnight ocean and helping pull in the nets while high-powered lights lure the squid to the surface is an experience few people get in Japan. Also, on a practical note, a day spent learning to plant rice or a night spent fishing squid often results in never having to pay for squid or rice during your time in Japan.

Conclusion

Japanese people truly do want to show you the best Japan they can, but they can be shy and, particularly in the case of rural areas, may have a inferiority complex about their town. This is unfortunate as it’s the local events and traditions that make your stay in rural Japan a fascinating and utterly unique experience. By showing an interest in your town, you’ll encourage them to think of you every time there is an event. This will pay dividends in both your relationship with your town and your satisfaction with your life in Japan.

Surviving In Rural Japan

Many foreign teachers come to Japan with hopes of being placed in a large city, usually one of the big four (Tokyo, Sapporo, Osaka, Kyoto). The level of competition for teaching jobs in well-known cities is very fierce, with the majority of jobs going to experienced teachers that are already living in Japan. For an aspiring ESL teacher coming to Japan for the first time, the chances are good that you’ll be placed in smaller cities or rural areas. So we’ll look at how to survive in rural Japan. 

The Good News

Generally speaking, the smaller pool of foreign teachers willing to work in rural Japan means that these towns and villages offer more generous terms than similar teaching positions within the large cities. This can include subsidized housing, transportation, lighter workload, and much more. Your cost of living will be much lower than in a large Japanese city regardless of the actual terms in your contract. Added to this are the long-term advantages of learning more Japanese and actually joining a Japanese community, two things that are by no means certain in an urban placement.

Housing – Can I Move?

Contracts vary, but your employer usually sets up housing in advance. Ideally, this saves you a lot of headaches, but there are cases where people are unsatisfied with the housing situation. If your house has a bear living your garden, a squat toilet, or some other sticking point that you’re unable to live with, then move. Very few contracts stipulate that you must live in the house procured for you and, if your contract does, it’s definitely something you’ll want to bring up before signing.

Moving may mean moving to the nearest city if your town doesn’t have a better apartment or house for rent. In this case, you will likely have to buy a car as well, but if the state of your housing is bad enough to have a negative affect on your experience in Japan, then it’s better that you move. Apartment and housing rentals are advertised in booklets you can find in convenience store stands or you can use a rental agency like My City Home, basically an office where landlords list vacant rooms. You may have to pay the infamous, “key money,” meaning three months of rent upfront plus a deposit, but the overall peace of mind is worth it. 

Taking Stock

The next step is practical: walk around your town and take stock of what is there. Your watch list should focus on necessities – grocery stores, hospitals, police stations, banks, fire stations, post offices, gas stations, public buildings, and convenience stores – and you should make yourself a simple map as you go. Most of these buildings will be obvious, but you may have to walk into some buildings to make sure that what looks like a library is actually a library. If you are going into a town to replace someone, you can save yourself some of the legwork by asking your predecessor about the house and amenities. That said, you can’t take everything your predecessor says as gospel, as he or she might not have actually done all the legwork.

Don’t Panic

If your town seems vastly under-developed, don’t panic. It may be that you didn’t register everything on your first survey. Very small towns of less than 3000 may not have a large supermarket, but they’ll usually have farmer’s markets or something similar to fill the gap. This is not ideal, but it’ll do in a pinch. Also, towns that small often combine to make a district for the purposes of hiring an ESL teacher, so the chances are good that you’ll be placed in the most populous town in your district. If you are placed in a truly small town, you’ll probably want a car to go to the nearest city do your shopping. 

Learn to Love Trial and Error

The steps for surviving in rural Japan aren’t that different from surviving in any foreign country. You need to make sure your everyday necessities are taken care of. Trial and error will take on a whole new meaning as you struggle through everyday tasks like shopping, but the challenge of telling squid guts from spaghetti sauce is one of the things that makes working abroad a life-changing experience.

Surviving a Japanese Onsen

A trip to Japan is incomplete without a trip to an onsen. Onsens, the hot springs that serve as public baths in Japan, can be confusing for a first timer. However, this addictive tradition is well worth the effort. Here is a quick guide to getting in and out of your first onsen without shaming anyone’s ancestors.

Packing Your Kit 

An onsen kit will make your first onsen go smoothly. It should include:

1. A large towel to dry off with. 
2. A small towel – basically a “modesty” towel to cover your bits. 
3. Shampoo, conditioner, and soap. 
4. Any other necessaries like a razor and a toothbrush. 

Onsens generally sell all these items, but you’ll find it cheaper to pick them up at a convenience store before going. Soap and shampoo are free at higher-priced onsens.

Paying and Undressing 

Many onsens have vending machine style ticket dispensers, but you need to read some Kanji in order to use them. The symbol for adult is 大人 literally meaning, “big person.” If there’s no machine or you can’t understand it, simply go to the front counter and pay at the till. An onsen will normally cost between 400~700 yen. Most onsens are split into men’s (男) and women’s (女). The proper change room should be obvious by color; men’s is usually marked by a blue or green hanging and women’s by a red or pink one. Check with the counter if you have any doubts – better to be safe.

The change room will have cubbyholes with baskets for your clothes and coin lockers for your valuables. The coin lockers return your coins, so use them if they’re there. If there are no lockers, leave your valuables at the front.

Before Getting In 

At this point you’ll be carrying your kit and nervously adjusting your modesty towel, but it’s not time to jump it yet. Inside the onsen, there will be washing areas and a pile of small plastic bowls and stools. Grab a bowl and and find yourself an open spot. Traditionally, you would fill the bowl with water and pour it over yourself to wash, but modern onsens have showers as well as taps. Clean yourself thoroughly before getting into the onsen.

If you are going to shave, do it after going into the onsen at least once just in case you cut yourself. Nobody wants to share a bath with someone who is bleeding. Also, you can carry your modesty towel with you, but wring out any soap or shampoo first.

Leaving 

After slowly boiling yourself clean, you reverse the process: rinse your washing area, put the stool and bowl back, and get dressed. Remember to dry off with the modesty towel before stepping into the change room so you don’t drip all over the floor. Once you’re out, thank the lady at the desk and congratulate yourself on surviving your first onsen (and probably not your last). An onsen is an excellent experience that you can have anywhere in Japan. That said, Aoni Onsen in Aomori still has my vote.

Lessons For Teaching In Japan: Time

Elementary ESL Lessons: What Time Is It Now?

Preparation Materials: Vocabulary cards, number flash cards, plastic practice clocks (optional).

Suggested Level: Elementary grades 1 to 5

Introduction

Time is a great lesson for the students to learn. It combines numbers with a sentence they can use. For younger students you only need numbers 1-12, and older students can learn to use numbers 0-60.

How to Tell Time

In English we say time in two ways. When the time is on the hour, seven for example, we say, “It’s seven o’clock.” When there is a minute component, we say it as a set of two numbers. For example, 12:45 becomes, “It’s twelve forty-five.”

Preparation Activity: Group Game

The teacher plays music and the students walk around. When the music stops, the teacher yells a number. For example, “six.” Students have five seconds to make groups of six and sit down. Repeat several times with different numbers.

Main Activity: What Time Is It Now, Mr. Wolf?

• Students line up at the back of the room. Mr. Wolf stands at the front with his back to them.
• They say, “What time is it now, Mr. Wolf?
• Mr. Wolf answers. For example, “It’s three o’clock.”
• Students take three steps towards Mr. Wolf.
• Repeat until the students are close to Mr.Wolf.
• When Mr. Wolf says, “lunchtime,” the students have to race for the back wall to be safe.
• Any students Mr. Wolf touches will join him at the front of the classroom for the next round.

Level Up: Time Trials

Students can make simple paper clocks (or use clocks from the first graders). Students stand up. Students ask the teacher, “what time is it now?” and the teacher answers. Students move their clock to the correct time. Students that are wrong, sit down. Last student standing wins.

Review: Make time part of the Greeting.

Time can be practiced everyday like, “How are you?” or “What day is it today?” By practicing everyday questions and answers, student will be more confident speaking English. Some elementary schools do English greetings every morning – you can too!

Final Tips

• Count everything to practice numbers. Count the students with red shirts, the number of flashcards, everything.
• Students need to practice asking questions as well as answering them. After the students answer a question, they can ask another student or the teacher the same question.
• If your students get nervous about speaking English or being singled out, build their confidence through active group and team activities. You can transfer their stress to something embarrassing but fun, like gesturing or racing against other teams. If you praise students for doing their best, everybody wins!
• Most schools have a fake clock for teaching time to first graders. This can be used for the English class as well.